On the Film Zero Dark Thirty and Torture Essay Example for Free

On the Film nonentity Dark xxx and Torture EssayZero Dark 30 is a 2013 look at directed by award-winning director Kathryn Bigelow, and is a narration about the multiple time-skips of how Maya (Jessica Chastain), a new CIA recruit, beat the odds which take to Osama store Ladens eventual(prenominal) death. Our planes been hijacked. I hope I can be able to see your face again, baby. I love you Goodbye were lines from the actual 9/11 audio footage at the beginning of the film and from that, I thought that Zero Dark Thirty would be an emotionally-touching action-packed movie. Because of an exciting bandage, I expected it to be a thrilling film but it turned out to be despicably monotonous. Set in the spry streets and the danger-prone areas of the Middle East, the set design became largely influential to the film, and it added to the viewers experience. However, if I hadnt known that the movie was directed by Academy-Award winner, Kathryn Bigelow, I would submit thought that this was directed by an unknown director. The chapter-by-chapter time skip actually in any casek the plot away from the movie it became choppy and incomprehensible.One moment we see Ammar (Reda Kateb) universe tortured, and then in the next screen, its suddenly two years later. The only commendable action scene in the movie being Osama stash away Ladens ambush, the plot seemed to drag as we see more conversations and less action than what we expected to see. The movie poster also said that the writer, intent Boal, is an Academy award-winning screenwriter but it puzzles me how he actually got the information about the happenings when CIA surgerys are supposed to be undisclosed. Why would the scriptwriter just name-drop sites that were purportedly top-secret, like the existence of Area 51? Thus, the credibility of the events and places seem questionable. Moreover, the flood of names of terrorists in conversations was actually confusing and the discussions about situations in I SI were unnecessary. I precious to see scenes related to finding Abu Ahmed and ultimately, Bin Laden. I wanted action, not conversations. Though the pacing was unbelievably slow, the cinematography during the bombing in the restaurant Maya and Jennifer were ingest at was brilliant.The transition was truly surprising one moment Jennifer was talking to someone over the phone, and then the next, the restaurant was already in pieces and people were dying. Mayas expression of pure shock and terror was perfectly captured the camera. The editing of the movie headed by William Goldenberg was realistic, and the bombings were so unpredictable, I was surprised and scared out of my seat. Mostly, the ambush operation in the last 30 minutes of the film was so professionally shot it could pass up as an actual footage. Its the little moments that tell on this film alive. After the phone call from Mayas supervisor, stating that tonight will be the ambush, we witness the bonds of the canaries the way they goofed around and gambled, yet still looked out for distributively other. Viewers forever have the impression that soldiers are brute men who would sacrifice anything and anyone for their purpose, but this scene actually gives the impression that theyre men too who treasure the bonds they have. The only comical relief during the movie was provided by Dans sarcasm and personality.Ironically, this attitude always comes up during the supposedly-heartbreaking torture scenes which made it particularly enceinte for me to sympathize with Ammar (Reda Kateb). Another highlight of his role was when Dan fed the monkeys in a CIA site. I remembered the previous scene when Ammar said that Dan was an animal, and as the monkeys stole the ice balm from Dan, I saw how it was similar to their situation. Dan takes and takes from Ammar, but eventually, Ammar gets the best of him when he doesnt provide information. As I contemplated about the film after watching it, I think the reason wher efore it seemed so bland and dry is because it lacked the action that viewers are employ to see in fictional CIA films. The super tranquil CIA combat and the shooting scenes where the CIA agent never gets shot werent present in the movie. rather, the movie consisted of CIA operatives who commit mistakes and ultimately get killed, like Jennifer (Jennifer Ehle) we meet heartless CIA agents like Dan (Jason Clarke) who would torture a man immortally to get the information he needs. We see unsexy Maya, an ordinary-looking woman who wears identical suits every day, who got carried away by emotions after Jennifers death and during her confrontation with Joseph Bradley (Kyle Chandler), and who was almost killed once in an attempt at her life.The film was made up of one-dimensional characters who got frustrated when they angle do anything. I wanted to know the characters more but there was zero character development. There werent even any scenes about Mayas past, like why and how was s he recruited out of high school? Did she ever get in touch with Jennifers family after her death? This lack of character personality development and the blankness of her facial expressions in most of her screen time made me wonder why Jessica Chastain is praised for her role in Zero Dark Thirty. Ive recently watched Les Miserables and if Jessica Chastain were to be nominated in the same category as Anne Hathaway for an Oscar, then Chastain could just say that she dreamed a dream of winning an Oscar. I wont say that she did not deserve her Golden Globe award, but I never thought shed be nominated for it either. Her portrayal as the angry young Bin Laden-obsessed CIA agent was so stereotypical she started as the nervous, uneasy new CIA operative and then ultimately became the motherfucker, as she puts it, who found Bin Ladens location.Maya always had this expressionless face, as if trying very hard to capture a CIA agents demeanor. In fact, I only began to sympathize with Maya upon t he death of Jennifer. Her endless pursuit of Bin Laden became more personal from this point, proving that nothing motivates like revenge. I think that the scene where Maya shook her head and then cried actually concludes the plot well because it showed her human side and the drive that has been pushing her all along. She quotes in one scene that her friends got killed because of the hunt and she believes that she has been spared for a reason. This gives justice to her emotions in the end, where she finally breaks bring as the realization that she has make watered her goal after almost a decade yet the friends she had made along the way were already gone. She is no longer the new, awkward CIA recruit, rather, Maya has become the CIA operative who resorted to all means possible to take down Osama Bin Laden. With the methods that the movies characters practiced, there has been much speculation whether the film is pro-torture or not.The director and the writer of the film presented t hese enhanced interrogation techniques as a part of the pursuit. So for me, its not a pro-torture movie but at the same time, its not anti-torture either. If Zero Dark Thirty were pro-torture, then the viewers should have seen how Ammar gave information after being tortured, but he did not. Instead we see that the key piece to the puzzle for finding Bin Laden was actually served to Dan and Maya over lunch, not during torture time. And if the movie were anti-torture, then there shouldnt have been any torture scenes in the movie leaving Reda Kateb, who played Ammar, with zero talent fee. The film showed that Maya was convinced that the location of Bin Ladens courier, Abu Ahmed, is crucial to the pursuit not because there was information revealed during the torture sessions, rather, its the detainees refusal to give up any information about the courier that connects the dots for Maya.Therefore, the film depicts numerous, albeit controversial, practices used in Americas pursuit for Osa ma Bin Laden. It shows that torturing Jihad-driven detainees or buying a man a Lamborghini as bribery werent the ultimate keys for solving the puzzle that led to Bin Laden. No single method can perfectly encapsulate the sum of the efforts of the people behind the manhunt for Bin Laden. The sum of their hard work and passion was what the filmmakers strived to partake, so for me, the movie isnt raising any notions on being pro or against these methods. Zero Dark Thirty relays the fact that we tread different paths in life with a great number of sacrifices along the way.Though this movie doesnt live up to its tagline The greatest Manhunt in History, is still a perfect example of humanitys journey towards his goals. Americans would continue to preserve their seat of power, while the Muslims would continue to do anything to reach Jihad. I wanted to be awed by this film and I wanted to feel the characters emotions, but the film gave me neither. The lack of emotion in Zero Dark Thirty mak es me think that the budget for this should have been allocated to a film with a different perspective, like a documentary, and not as a film with actors and actresses playing roles they fail to give color to.

The relationship between cannabis use and mental health disorder

The relationship in the midst of hangmans rope employ and genial health dis sound outAbstractThis naming evaluates the relationship mingled with keepnabis consumption and mental health disorder related to it in Australia. Recent national data reflects that marijuana use was at its peak in 1998 when over 60% of people aged 20-29 were reported having used cannabis. Since then various studies dedicate found co relation between cannabis use causing no mental health issues and cannabis use causing schizophrenic disorder and psychosis. Recent studies have found that cannabis is accepted in Australia as the third most prevalent drug of dependency followers alcohol and tobacco. About 10% of people who try cannabis allow for develop dependence at some point in their life. Studies have found relationship between weekly frequency of cannabis use and mental ailment such particularly psychosis, dementia praecox, anxiety and depression (www.mhca.org.au).IntroductionCannabis is a pla nt contains a mind-expanding molecule that produces a high associated with this drug. The psychoactive product contains dried flowers and leaves of plants selected to produce high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (www.dictionary.com). There is a significant and growing explore on the relationship between mental sickness and cannabis use in Australia. The evidence supports the association between mental illness and well-ordered cannabis use. The evidence takes that regular cannabis use from youngish age will improvers the risk of mental illness since in that respect is genetic vulnerability to psychosis being which can be triggered by cannabis use. Evidence shows that cannabis use facilitates schizophrenia in people who have family history of mental illnesses. The average first use of cannabis users is now 14.9 years. This is of a very authoritative concern in Australia as this is the age at which there are psychological changes in brain. Psychosis is an abnormal condition of t he mind in generic psychiatric term for a mental state is often described as a loss of contact with the reality. This disorder can dis open the normal function of the brain. This malfunction in brain causes people with elevated risk of death by suicide. Thus it is important to analyse the evidence carefully in order to make conclusions and recommendations (Hall et al, 2004).Relationship between Mental Illness and Cannabis.Certain pockets of Australian population consume cannabis in form of heating or dismissal combined with inhalation of smoke or oral consumption of the plant itself mixed into a food medium. The opposite way that individualists consume cannabis is by vaporization, which causes the active ingredients to evapo calculate into gas without burning the plant material. This is to a greater extent often than non done by boiling the ingredients of cannabis plant. Once these vapours are inhaled, it produces various curt term and long term effectuate. The short term make black market from sleepiness, difficulty keeping track of time, impaired or reduced short term memory. In my general practice I have observed that the patients consuming high measure of cannabis find it hard to communicate and focus. They are generally slower to react and have increased heart rate, heart palpitations and show signs of psychological dependence on cannabis drug consumption. Their reasons for addiction generally range from recreational purposes and sometimes to escape their present hardships in life (Personal Communication, Clinical Placement, 2010).Evidence shown by scientific research shows that potential harm of cannabis use is generally and especially in vulnerable groups such as Aboriginal, young people, people belonging to poor socio economic maskingground. The habit starts from peer pressure and in stages becomes an addiction. Rates of cannabis use by people with mental illness such as anxiety and depression also show heavy use of cannabis use.(Castle, 2004)The self medication shot states that people experiencing signs of mental health disorder consume cannabis in order to alleviate or increase symptoms. There have been longitudinal studies to determine whether the mental illness is related to cannabis use. The hypothesis covers two scenarios -that cannabis initiates mental disorder that were previously fiction inactive and that cannabis causes mental health illness who would not otherwise develop them. Thus research has been conducted on biological mechanisms such as effects of cannabis on brain chemistry and its effects on people without genetic predisposition to mental illness. Other social effects are taken into consideration when researching on cannabis users exposed to pointors such as poor mental health, substance using peers, school dropout, unemployment and crime. It is a difficult to justify the effects of cannabis on an individual if many variables co exist both for the cannabis user and people with other social vul nerabilities including family difficulties. Thus it is possible that there is a common genetic factor that predisposes individuals to cannabis use and mental illness (Patton et al, 2002).According to DSouza et al (2004) there is curt dispute that cannabis can produce short term recurrences of pre existing psychotic symptoms. However there is no evidence relating to the fact that cannabis actually causes schizophrenia or other psychotic illness in long term (Johns, 2001). look also shows that cannabis can also amplify a pre existing thought in an individual. These thoughts tend to overwhelm the individual causing severe reactions by individuals including suicide and self harm in extreme cases. In order for ascertain the research Hill (1965) states that following criteria must be met Strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, coherence and plausibility. Every case needs to support each criteria to make the hypothesis stronger.Relationship between Cannabis consumption and PsychosisA recent study conducted by Hldes et al (2006) states that there is a two way relationship between psychosis and cannabis which states that regular use of cannabis is associated with higher risk of psychotic glide by. Many longitudinal studies have found that the mental illness particularly psychosis overhauls to increased use of cannabis.Research conducted by Hall et al (2004) states that most common symptoms related to the individuals with psychosis smoking cannabis were sudden confusion which were generally related to delusions and hallucinations. Their emotional state became top-heavy and showed signs of paranoid symptoms. These findings have been supported by individuals suggesting that they took large doses of cannabis product. Most of these people had no family history of psychosis. Their symptoms were gone once the individuals stopped their cannabis intake. These symptoms were seen back within days once the individuals started cannabis consumption again. Thus this evidence supports the hypothesis that the regular use of cannabis increases chances of psychosis in an individual.On the other glide by the other hypothesis can be argued that cannabis intake does not support psychosis. There have been number of studies conducted that have compared people with people who have mental illness post cannabis use and who have developed mental illness prior to cannabis consumption. There is always a little variation in the results. According to Mental health council of Australia, there have been number of researches that have been conducted investigating the cannabis use among individuals with psychotic disorders and found that they were not significantly different from the general population. A range of motive can be grouped into following four categories coping with unpleasant affect (to pacify emotional distress), enhancement (to have fun), social interaction (to affiliate with others), confirming (to fit in) (www.mhca.org.au)The ev idence obtained shows that the first two tend to be heavy cannabis consumers and the later two are just recreational. The first two consume cannabis to relieve themselves from emotional distress, psychotic symptoms and medication side effects which lead them to consume heavy amounts of cannabis in order to feel that state of mind and emotion. People with psychosis initially use substance to change their emotional state and facilitate social contact. They then develop dependence on this substance stating, If I dont smoke then I will not be able to cope. These individuals then have belief that cannabis is the only way out thus worsening their psyche and this will lead to worsening cannabis dependence (Spence in Castle and Murray, 2004)ConclusionVarious cases and individual analysis state that there is a strong connection between cannabis consumption and psychosis. The hypothesis states individuals consuming cannabis have developed symptoms of psychosis and these individuals have norma lised once they stopped consuming cannabis. Thus, there is some evidence that suggest that cannabis consumption will impact the psyche of an individual but these findings are inconclusive at this stage as it fails to take into consideration other variables such as socioeconomic backcloth, mental state, lack of family and community support.Relationship between Cannabis Consumption and SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a mental illness caused by disintegration of view process and disorientated emotional response. It usually consists of hallucinations, paranoid, disorganized speech and thinking process with social and occupational dysfunction, withdrawal from reality, social apathy (www.dictionary.com)According to research by Mental Health Council of Australia relationship between Schizophrenia and cannabis use is growing though by no means comprehensive. Schizophrenia affects one part of the Australian population. Smaller but substantial bodies of research exist such as depression and anxiety. In some cases, Schizophrenic patients had previous symptoms of psychotic illness (Hall et al, 2004).In research conducted on 100 young people consuming high amount of cannabis, 49% male with an average age of 19.3 years were place at ultra high risk of psychosis. Schizophrenia was the symptom with presence of other acute psychotic symptoms. This research is very difficult due to the fact that there are many variables that co exist both cannabis users with mental health illness and non cannabis users with mental health difficulties have equal behavioural problem. Most of them have substance abuse history, unemployment and life time on benefits past. It can be possible that these are the common genetic factors in both cannabis users with mental health issues and non cannabis users with mental health issues (www.mhca.org.au).Longitudinal studies show that continuous cannabis consumption in people with schizophrenia is associated with worse mental health outcome in terms of m ore severe symptoms and thus there is a greater chance of relapse and more psychosocial issues. Thus frequent cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of psychotic relapse and a more increased risk of cannabis relapse (Hides et al, 2006). Studies conducted by Arsenault et al, (2004) cite cross national surveys from USA, Netherlands and USA found rates of cannabis consumption among people with Schizophrenia was double than those of general population. Thus following conclusions were derived from these findingsEvidence of self medication of cannabis because of pre existing Schizophrenia due to the mental health issues caused by schizophrenia related to negative symptoms may be a factor in continuous Cannabis consumption. There have been consistent longitudinal studies stating that cannabis precipitates schizophrenia and many other psychosis related symptoms in people who are vulnerable because of their family background. The rate of schizophrenia has remained stable or decreased with increases in cannabis use over the past few decades. boilersuit longitudinal studies conducted by Nemesis study from Holland and New Zealand have made these findings that conclude that cannabis can be considered a casual factor in schizophrenia. Research has found that alleged increases in cannabis use over past two decades have not affected increase in rate of schizophrenia. However vast number of people who consume cannabis have not developed schizophrenia and vast number of people who have schizophrenia have not got schizophrenia because of their cannabis consumption (Degenhardt et al, 2004).ConclusionCannabis consumption may affect small percentage of population that is vulnerable socially and mentally. The pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress has manifested by a need for increased amounts of the substance to chance upon intoxication or desired effect. That effect is then reduced by continuous use of the same amount of substance. Individuals then consume larger amount of substance to achieve that similar feeling and these persistent efforts start to affect the psyche of the individuals. Schizophrenia is more prevalent in individuals with poor socio economic background and history of substance abuse. Cannabis causes changes in neurotransmitter systems that make depressed mood more likely but greater evidence supports that this problem is due to individual behaviour pattern. Evidence from both hypotheses is limited and there needs to be well designed longitudinal studies including studies that examine cannabis use on one-time(a) Australians to further narrow the relation between cannabis use and schizophrenia (Degenhardt et al, 2004).

Effects of gps on human life

Effects of gps on human lifeEffects of GPS on Human LifePart 1 Introduction and emphasize to issue or subject of discussionGlobal Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite guided navigational system. The system by itself allows user/ devices to take their latitude, longitude and altitude of their current location no matter where they atomic number 18 situated in the globe. To think prickle, before the GPS came into existence, dead reckoning and pilotage was utilized to train around and locate airports. Pilotage is the use of sectionals (air maps/charts) and physical landmarks along the route to keep you on course. An example would be following a high pass across or railroad track or pipeline. Additionally the G all overnment began to simply paint names of t sustains on roofs of barns, buildings, water towers, gas storage tanks, and hangers. But all this proficiency lacked the true and were not considered reliable. A pilot groundwork completely be take away track as of a heavy weather change as his visibility can be negligible. The idea of GPS can be traced back to centuries where a person might have asked the question of Where am i. GPS came into existence on the year 1978, when Russia launched S vestnik into space. MIT researchers noticed that radio signals from sputnik could determine distinct positions on the ground as the radio signal was at its peak when satellite was over MIT and stepwise weakened as it moved away. Thereby they were able to calculate the orbit of satellite which was the foremost important step towards GPS system. Between 1978 and 1985, eleven satellites were launched into space and put into position. In 1983, the GPS ceased being solely a military system and was do available for public use.To be able to locate position surmount to roughly 30 metres of a GPS unit, at least 3 satellites will be required. More the number of satellites much argon the accuracy. Each satellites revolving around earth has its own unique signal broad cast. All these signals are stored within a GPS unit. The signal has enough data for the unit to know the satellites current location and similarly it calculates the metre that signal (radio wave) took to last from satellite to the unit. By repeating this with minimum 2 more satellites, the unit is able to triangulate the position of GPS unit. By communicating with more satellites it can give much more hi-fi position, which can be as close as 1 or 2 metres. Hereafter I shall provide as much examples and incidents to bring out the positive effects of GPS technology into our life than rather a privacy killer of our society.Part 2 Identification of why you choose this issue/subject to studyThe reason for choosing GPS as my subject to study is as my final year project also involves GPS related technology. Therefore researching on for this subject will surely benefit my final year project as well. Additionally my friends experience with GPS also made me to finalize on the area of sub ject. He never left home country for anything and when he finally did leave for working to United States, upon returning back to home country after 4 years he was completely lost and not able to even get to his house. Initially i bring it just as a funny story but later when thought on it i began to see future public depending blindly on GPS that they forget to think using their common sense. This was really disturbing on my behalf and decided i should take this opportunity to at least make my friends be aware of what is happening around them.Part3 What the implications may be for a post modern industrial society?Public TransportOnly through the uncovering of GPS technology has travelling feel safer to public. GPS made it easier for public and public transport. This is because before GPS, flights/ ships did lose their way and the world did witness such tragedies. It is very clear that without the contrivance of GPS, human technology as it is would not have been so easy and relia ble. This is only as there is no other technology which is as reliable, accurate and rubbishy like that of GPS.In todays post modern society with computing flourishing and being a part of basic necessity, GPS has its own crucial role. For good example even though computers are used everywhere even in aircrafts, they would not be able to use autopilot if its not for the GPS satellite feeds. GPS as it is provides absolute convenience to humans since the world is becoming smaller and smaller as of technological advancement is made. Before GPS was open to the public for free usage, plenty were depending on rather non reliable and non accurate methods to travel around. As the famous quote goes, Necessity is the mother of invention, humans realised and needed a cheap and reliable alternative to the traditional methods of calculating latitude, longitude and altitude. There is no doubt when saying society benefits from this technology in many ways, including safer, more reliable travel a nd an increase in human safety.Control of GPS by U.S In todays advanced world GPS is one among the most relied technologies. Whether it is to locate/ track or find your way to a new place, it all requires satellites. GPS satellites which are always revolving around the earth in and around 12 hours are not replaceable as of today.At present almost all such satellites or rather artificial moon is owned by U.S military. Which means they have un-denied access to these technology. With the United States having such control over one of the most relied technology in todays world comes good and bad. This means that they have the capability to everything, from reducing the accuracy to shutting down GPS facility in areas around globe whenever they want. If there is to be another world war, United States clearly has a very powerful position over the world. They can not only keep track of their soldiers but get a complete overview of everything and thereby a tactical advantage. With the use of absolute accuracy of GPS satellites they can easily guide unmanned long range missiles to drop exactly where they want. This is only as the world is becoming increasingly reliant on GPS technology.Part4 What the implications may be for the IT industry?TrackingIt is clear of the jounce of GPS on our industry. It has changed the way mass communicate and live. GPS has made our environment a safer and easier place to live. GPS has provided nation with many solutions to their problems. Today different industries utilize GPS to develop new innovative solutions to human problems. It is currently being used to help parents find and keep track of their childrens. Devices are also on pet collars that can help you track your pets if they are stolen or lost. Additionally it is also used to keep track of sober criminals activities and thereby keep public safe from these criminals who could harm anyone. GPS device is available almost all new cell phones released which is able to provide assis tance to people in mapping and getting directions. It can even help rescuers help you easily as they will know were exactly you are. Truck drivers in the UK are now being made aware of upcoming low bridges using GPS and digital maps. This combined with awareness of traffic jams, and suggestions of alternative routes allows for the cheaper delivery of goods. These are just some of the main things that GPS has added to our society by the industry. Warfare TechnologyGPS technologies accuracy and reliability has its own drawbacks too. With satellites being able to accurately target devices to as close as few inches, modern warfare has drastically changed around us. GPS greatly contributes to the effectiveness of warfare. With its endless applications such as being able to track a soldier, determine his used path to developing highly effective long/ short range missiles, GPS has a deadly side of its own too. In the case of missiles, GPS technology aids in an increased chance of hitting t he desired target. GPS also allows for accurate tracking of military units which increases the effectiveness and level of tactical control during combat.ConclusionComputers have been the most revolutionizing technology that humans developed to help in their tasks. Literally today there is no place or field that computers have not touched. The computers which are available and being used in transportation whether its an Airbus or a small car driving off road, without the GPS satellites feed the onboard computers will not be able to guide you through or prevent an accident. As Dr. Gerhard Schmidt, Fords Chief Technical Officer and Vice President, enquiry and Advanced Engineering says A satellite orbiting the earth could someday prevent an auto accident. We applaud the Auburn team for these advancements and look forward to working unneurotic on the next phase of this research, including developing prototype vehicles.GPS has become an integral part of our society, affecting our lives i n many ways. The great range of applications of this technology has an impact on many aspects of society. GPS is becoming more widely used and more important in society. The importance of GPS is further stressed by the absence of a successful alternative. Even though few might point out that dependency on GPS is going to authorise to unbalanced levels of political power, which if abused could lead to adverse effects on society. I strongly believe that GPS is a marvellous technology, revolutionizing navigation in virtually every industry that it touches from large corporal mass transportation to a family on a road trip. It is very safe to conclude that GPS has done well to human race than drawbacks. The drawback as it is seen can easily be overcome if the humans are taught to utilize GPS for their good and not in any way to harm them.

E-Procurement and Competitive Advantage

E-Procurement and Competitive Advantage1.0 IntroductionThe Internet plays an important role as it is revolutionizing the revolve about in which fear is conducted around the world. In new millennium with the emergence of electronic system, agreements are strained to shift their operation from traditional way to e-business had lead clear increase in globular competition which threaten existing businesses and modernize business practices. A give out from that, technology is consider an integrate part of any business as technology deal contribute to economic growth, increases productivity and t integrity of voice of products as well as increases hawkish usefulnesss of industrial sectors. to a fault, the development of technology is in an increasing pace and dramatic whollyy changes business models in business sector.In such free-enterprise(a) environment resulted from globalization, firms must(prenominal) create more(prenominal) than dynamic schema over their competitor to survive in the business sector. Due to competition from various companies has increased as advancements in technology it has abject raven the traditional barriers to entry the market. therefore, at the ever changing world, procurement make has been substituteed into strategic re blood lines. The use of new technology in procurement has abided substantial benefits. However, some organizations are exploiting agonistical advantage by means of mergers, acquisitions, supply and distribution channel imptovements (Hamel and Prahalad 1994), as cited in Longenecker and Ariss (2002).2.0 explore ObjectiveTo de conditionine that whether e-procurement chiffonier achieve competitive advantageTo investigate whether total superior management can achieve competitive advantageTo examining whether imposeation of e-procurement in total quality management can help to achieve further competitive advantage.3.0 Research QuestionsDoes e-procurement results in competitive advantage?Does tota l quality management results in competitive advantage?Does implementation of e-procurement in total quality management can help to achieve further competitive advantage?4.0 HypothesesE-Procurement can result in competitive advantage.Total quality management can result in competitive advantage.Implementation of e-procurement in total quality management can provide further competitive advantage.Literature Review5.0 E-Procurement and Competitive Advantage5.1 Conceptualization of E-ProcurementNowadays, the evolution of e-procurement is becoming more successively and interested on a global scale. correspond to Min and Galle (2003), e-procurement is defined as business-to-business purchasing practice that utilizes electronic commerce to identify potential sources of supply, to obtain goods and function, to transfer payment, and to interact with suppliers (as cited in Pearcy and Giunipero 2008, p.26). withal that, electronic procurement consists of e-Maintenance Repair Operate (MRO), w eb-establish Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), e-sourcing, e-tendering, e-auctioning, e-exchanges and e-in haveing (Min and Galle 2001 Knudsen 2003 Walker and Harland 2008).Apart from that, an Aberdeen Group (2001) found that e-procurement technologies are divided into 2 categories institutionalise procurement and indirect procurement (cited in Angeles and Nath 2007). Direct procurement is the purchase of towering volume raw materials that used in the manufacturing care for of a spotless product (Harrigan et al. 2008). Whereas indirect procurement is the purchase of maintenance, materials and operation goods that are not directly involved in the production process such as part supplies, personal computers and advertising (Bof and Previtali 2007). Apart from that, procurement process involves a complex series of events which allows a firm to more from the basic use up to reaching a final purchase decision through technical specification and potential supplier evaluation (Robi nson et al. 1967, cited in Osmonbekov et al. 2002). Hence, many firms in diverse industries adopt the strategy of e-procurement and focus on restructuring the entire order-to-delivery process rather than specific task in order to improve the cleverness of purchasing or supply management function as well as reduce operation apostrophizes of organization.5.2 Conceptualization of Competitive AdvantageThe achievement of sustainable competitive advantage has massive been the goal of companies and organizations. However, due to the rapid change in the global environment, exploreers from various backgrounds hold come up with their own different perspectives to identify definition of competitive advantage. In traditional industry, the importance of industry structure and market position plays significant roles to achieve competitive advantage (Porter 1980, cited in Ma 1999 Passemard and Kleiner 2000). tally to Pfeffer and Vega (1991), the preparation of competitive advantage can be d escribed as organizational practice, resource and asset that used to improve an organizations competitive position in the mart (as cited in Longenecker and Ariss 2002). Porter (1985) further description on competitive advantage grows out of the firms unique ability in creating superior node value (as cited in Ma 2002, p.525). However, re cen measurely, Rindova and Fombrun (1999), state that competitive advantage is built on human relationship and not an exchanges sustained social interactions in impressions which may affect future behaviors (cited in Tzokas and Saren 2004).5.3 Competitive strategies in E-ProcurementE-procurement has been seen to have the potential to play a pivotal role in a firms endeavours to create a competitive toll advantage that lasts for many years, hence grounding sustainable competitive advantage (Bloomberg et al. 2002, p. 14) cited in (Pires and Stanton 2005). In order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage, company should concern on the implemen tation of organizational business strategy in area of e-procurement. However, if the organization fails to apply a successful strategy, it leave alone result in loss of business productivity and competitiveness which will undermine the long-term performance of the organization. Apart from that, a firm can enhance its market position and competitive persuasiveness by developing procurement strategy. Below are the competitive strategies which e-procurement can achieve competitive advantage5.3.1 hail ReductionThe reduction of purchasing cost has been recognized as one of the most significant draw a bead ons in procurement (Collis and Montgomery 1995), since the average manufacturing firm spends half of its sales revenue on the purchase of materials (cited in Ordanini and Rubera 2008). Furthermore, search manoeuvres that by using e-procurement can achieve cost saving which average reduction in purchase price of 17 per cent (Bartezzaghi and Ronchi 2005, cited as Harrigan et al. 20 08). Additionally, by implementing e-procurement in an organization, it can help us to reduce purchase price of materials and costs that related to internal workflow of activities such as equipment and labour costs. With the use of electronic procurement, transactions can be proceed through HTML, EDI, e-mail and Internet which can eliminate the usage paper require for placing order, invoice as well as receipt (Sarkis et al. 2004). Additionally, Companies using e-procurement have reported savings up to 42% in purchasing transaction cost associated with less paperwork, which translates into fewer mistakes and more efficient purchasing process (Davila et al. 2002).5.3.2 Efficiency MaximizationE-procurement can improve the efficiency of the process which order fulfillment clip can shortened up to 80 per cent (Minahan 2001, cited in Harrigan et al. 2008) as well as reduced the inventory levels (Min and Galle 2003). Thus, e-procurement has impact on the purchasing round time and delive ry time.In order to achieve high quality performance, mostly organizations has seen the benefits of applying new technologies in its manufacturing processes because it can manufacture in a high volume production without any concerns in regards to cost. The investment in advanced equipment has enab take the company to achieve a high level of process capability that could not achieve by manual processes. Due to there are many repetitive and complicated tasks that machines can do which human be cannot do it.According to Bof and Previtali (2007), electronic procurement can accelerated the flow of important training amidst buyers and suppliers as well as elimination of transaction errors by transform the way of purchasing raw material from traditional method actings to online. Currently, the use of internet serve as a foundation of data flow for strategic manufacturing purpose in e-procurement such as using barcodes in firms to manage the raw material. As the workflow automatically ro utes information through the purchasing process without re-keying all the date, user can use it easily and with a minimal error.According to Smith and Correa (2005), they stated that by using e-business can lead to highly holy information gathering though proper database via internet and it enable to indentify each product moving throughout supply chain. Apart from that, the information that recorded in the system are stored in a real-time fashion, therefore, users can acquire an accurate tracking in supply chain compared with the traditional manual methods. Therefore the adoption of e-procurement will improve efficiency that can strengthen competitive advantage in firms and industries.In general, firms should adopt the e-procurement strategies to achieve competitive advantage among the competitors. For instance, firms need to learn the management practices which are reduce production costs by elimination waste and achieving higher efficiency to capture the perplexity of the suppl iers.6.0 Total whole step steering and Competitive Advantage6.1 Conceptualization of Total Quality Management (TQM)Since 1980s, TQM has been regarded as one of the competitive strategies for firm to improve their competitive advantage and has widely implemented throughout the world (Kuei et al. 2001 Brah et al. 2002 Rad 2006). in like manner that, TQM has been widely regarded as rational structure and scientific tools for the improvement of quality as well as improve competitive advantage (Sun 2000 Li et al. 2002).There is no universally agreed definition on TQM as many researchers have their own beliefs and prejudices towards the term (Martinez-Lorente 1998 Sun 2000 Psychogios and Priporas 2007 Klefsj et al. 2008). However, the definition provided by researchers is more like vague descriptions than definitions and contain terms as a philosophy, which ?, an approach for ? (Klefsj et al. 2008). As just an example, Rad (2006) defines TQM as a philosophy which provides a template for success to an organization through customer satisfaction. On the other hand, in recent years, a tendency toward bar urinate on a system perspective of TQM has been suggested.One such definition is from Hellsten and Klefsj (2000), who define TQM as a continuously evolving management system consisting of core values, methodologies and tools, the generate of which is to increase external and internal customer satisfaction with a reduced amount of resources (cited in Klefsj et al. 2008, p. 121).The definition provided by Hellsten and Klefsj (2000) is stated intelligibly as it consists of cardinal components which are interdependent and supporting each of the values to sustaining a culture based on a kernel of core values.6.2 Competitive strategies in TQMIn order to compete with the increasingly of competitors, it has forced organizations go steady ship canal to reduce costs while maintaining customer satisfaction and making continuous improvement to the products. Since 1980, T QM has been recognized as a way to achieve goal by establishing a quality-based culture for improving customer satisfaction. Apart from that, TQM has been widely recognized as one of the most competitive weapon, if implemented successfully, provides a competitive advantage for organizations through quality (Martins and Toledo 2000 Beskese and Cebeci 2001 Prajogo and Sohal 2004). In order to achieve the goals of organization, they should implementing successful TQM strategies.6.2.1 Quality FocusCurrently, TQM have become a key focus for organizations as it considers as tools for improvement quality. According to Mandel et al. (2000), he noted that the implication of quality as a instrument of international planning. Quality improvement refers to the efforts on increasing effectiveness and efficiency in order to satisfy customer expectations (Talha 2004). Organizations must plan the strategic to implement quality improvement planning into their business plan. If the organization has emphasized quality as an important strategic, this will leads to higher sales and operating profits as well as improve the competitive positions of the firm as the customers will pay more to quality products that satisfy them.Also, nowadays customers are become more sophisticated, continuous improvement in product quality is essential to satisfy their needs. Therefore, once the organizations satisfy the requirements of customer, items are producing according to specifications, it will minimizing defective items and the cost of refashion (Khan 2003).Yet, TQM will increase the organizations competitive advantage because they concentrated on the improvements to offer superior quality of products to its customers (Martins and Toledo 2000). Hence, quality improvement is essential for the very survival of a company to achieve competitive advantage.6.2.2 Customer FocusCustomers have their expectations towards an organization which they patronize. If the expectations are not met, they will get dissatisfied and stop patronizing the organization hence customer satisfaction is one of the important elements to attain competitive advantage. According to Bergman and Klefsjo (2003), satisfied customer are loyal customers and loyal customers are economic customers and profitable customers make lucrative businesses and happy owners (cited in Bergquist et al. 2005, p. 312). However, customers are usually irrational. In order to develop their potential quality, companies need to develop the strategies on customer focus.Generally, customer focus means as the activities of the companies are intended to benefit the customer but the customer is seen from the companies own perspective (Lagrosen 2001, p.350). Organizations should make an effort to gain information regarding the needs and wants of the customer rather than al slipway focus on the companies view of product and its features.6.2.3 Process FocusThe goal of process management is to zeroing down the defective and failures r ate as well as reduce process variation by building quality into the production process which can reduced cost. According to Ou et al. (n.d.), inferior quality manufacturing process will increase high scrap rate and rework rate which will lead to use more resource to produce qualified products. Therefore, firms should concern on process management to avoid the occurrences of unnecessary costs such as waste costs by finding quality problems immediately. TQM implementation can directly increasing firms quality performance by improving manufacturing process, has indirect effects on increasing customer satisfaction as well as the reputation of firms.By reducing unnecessary waste cost such as waste of production, avoidable process and waste of defects, firms can put into practice of lean production. According to Womack and Jones (1996), lean production has its origin in philosophy of achieving improvements in most economical ways with special focus on reducing waste (cited in Dahlgaard a nd Dahlgaard-Park 2006, p. 264). For instance, firm can designing the production process and giving orders and instructions to the workers. The improvement of manufacturing efficiency will improve customers satisfaction and eventually the companys financial performance.6.3 Adoption of e-Procurement in Total Quality Management to achieve Competitive AdvantageThere is no clearly evidence shows that the adoption of e-procurement in total quality management can achieve further competitive advantage, however it can be shows that the ways of both e-procurement and TQM are almost using same strategies to achieve competitive advantage.6.3.1 Business-to-business (B2B) E-procurementE-procurement is defined as the use of information technologies to facilitate business-to-business (B2B) purchase transactions for materials and services (Wu et al. 2007, cited in Walker and Harland 2008). With the development of B2B e-procurement, the traditional method of business are replaced by the electronical ly transactions. anyways that, BCB e-procurement can help TQM in achieving competitive advantage.6.3.1.1 Cost MinimizationApplication of e-procurement practices into total quality management is beneficial as it can improve facilitation of efficient and cost-effective trading routes to conduct business. According to Harrigan et al. (2008), e-procurement can reduce purchasing costs by amending the way raw materials are purchasing from traditional methods to online ordering. With the implementation of e-procurement, transactions can be proceed via e-mail, electronic data interchange, fax which can directly eliminate paper usage such as invoice, receipts as well as paper catalogs. However, turban et al. (2006) argues that systematic procurement transactions tend to waste time on non-value-adding activities such as handling errors in ordering and invoicing, data entry which a great deal time consuming and costly to trace (cited in Aboelmaged 2009).6.3.1.2 Efficiency MaximizationApart from the cost reductions arising from transactional, e-procurement can also contribute to efficient purchasing process in many ways. As earlier mention, TQM have been emphasized that its main focus is improving products quality, therefore it may be less paying attention on giving maximize efficiency. Consequently, by implementation e-procurement in TQM can achieve maximum efficiency. It is obvious that e-procurement greatly helps improve communication with suppliers providing access to the information 24 hours a day. Therefore, the system availability can makes it easier for businesses to receive order from the supplier and summit an order. By providing greater access, firms can reduce the purchasing roulette wheel time and improved performance between buyers and suppliers. According to Choudhury et al. (1998), repetition in the procurement system will increase the efficiency and result in a higher level of electronic integration between buyers and suppliers (cited in Walker and Ha rland 2008).6.3.1.3 Methods of B2B e-procurementPreviously, most of the organizations are using traditional modes of communication such as phone, fax, memorandum and face-to-face. However, through evolution of the technologies, organizations can improve the speed in business transactions through the utilization of the B2B e-procurement methods1. Reverse Auctions. A reverse e-auction is a form of the electronic data communication which provides a forum wherein several suppliers compete online for contracts offered by a customer (Tassabehji et al. 2006). Due to no human intervention on with computerized accessible format, it can help both parties gain form less paperwork, shorted cycle times for circulation requesters for quotations, faster responses to potential bidders and reduced transaction costs (Plouffe et al. 2001).2. tip procurement. Lean procurement generally imply on small quantity of products purchased frequently from few suppliers, who deliver the items in exact quantit ies at the specific time and place (Wilson and Roy 2009). It also further noted that lean procurement unlike the traditional purchasing system such as TQM where the price considerations, suppliers are evaluated through the reliability, behaviors, performance as well as price. Based on the traditional purchasing system, the relationship between buyers and suppliers are based on the long-term trust and commitment.3. Internet. Through internet, companies have ability to speed up the business transactions through a faster way as it allows companies to pay invoices and payment electronically. Besides that, the use of internet through videoconferencing provides a visual contract which allows companies communicate with the suppliers (Samaniego 2006).7.0 Theoretical FrameworkCompetitive AdvantageE-ProcurementTotal Quality Management8.0 Research Methods8.1 ExplanatoryMy research is about the ways of e-procurement and total quality management in achieving competitive advantage of organizatio ns. In the literature review, I am explaining the relationship between e-procurement and competitive advantage as well as total quality management and competitive advantage therefore my research is an explanatory discipline. According to Saunders et al. (2009), explanatory study is known as causal study which is emphasizes on explaining the relationships between variables.8.2 Research PhilosophyThe research philosophy that I adopt in the literature review is epistemology. Epistemology concerns what constitutes acceptable knowledge in a field of study (Saunders et al, 2009, p. 112). This research will be mostly exploring the strategies of how e-procurement and TQM to achieve competitive advantage. Besides that, although many successful cases that shows that e-procurement and TQM can provide competitive advantage to an organization. However, I may not be able to know that e-procurement and TQM can achieve competitive advantage. Therefore, I a going to do this research to find out how e-procurement and TQM can help an organization achieve competitive advantage. Furthermore, the fact that it is an explanatory study also makes this research epistemology. Both the cause and the effect are known under an explanatory effect.In this research, I will acts as a positivist. A positivist will prefer working with an observable social reality and that the end products of such research can be law-like generalizations similar to those produced by the tangible and natural scientists (Remenyi et al., 1998, p. 32, as cited in Saunders et al., 2009, p. 113). Therefore, I will only based on the quantifiable observations which I can see, hear and touch to develop hypotheses.8.3 greetDeductive approach is an approach of working from more general idea to a more specific idea and also known as falls approach and therefore, conclusion follows logically from the premises (Gill Johnson, 2010). My research will utilize deductive approach since the theory and possible action have been created at the starting of the research. Besides that, the research itself is an observation to further confirm the relationship between e-procurement, TQM and competitive advantage as well as allows me to test and confirm my hypothesis.8.4 MethodThe research measurements used in this study will be mixture of soft and quantitative factors. A quantitative research aims at determining the relationship between one thing and another (Denzin Lincon, 2005). A qualitative research is used to address research questions that require explanation or understanding of social phenomena and their contexts (Ritchie and Lewis, 2003).In this research, I will more focus on quantitative research instead of qualitative research. By using quantitative research, I can find out the following data1. The percentage of organizations which are successfully achieving competitive advantage after adoption of either e-procurement, TQM, or both.2. The percentage of organizations which adopt incomplete e-procurem ent nor TQM, but have achieved competitive advantage.Besides that, I plan to apply incorporated questionnaire and interview which form by structured questions and answers. Structured interviews use questionnaires based on standardized set of questions which can be result more accurate and credible data.Although quantitative research is the main focus in this research, qualitative research is still under consideration towards these issues. Under qualitative methods, I will be using semi-structured and in-depth questionnaire and interview. A semi-structured questionnaire or interview is where the questions are structured but the answers are left unstructured. However, in-depth questionnaire or interview is where both the questions and answers are unstructured. Therefore, my research choice is Mixed Methods whereby both quantitative and qualitative methods are being considered.8.5 StrategiesThe strategies that can be implemented in conducting this research are survey. Survey is a rese arch strategy that involves the structured collection of data from a kempt tribe (Saunders et al., 2009). The reason for choosing survey as my strategy is survey allows me to collect the quantitative data which I can analyze quantitatively using statistics. By using survey, I can easily calculate the percentage of increase in profits after implementing e-procurement and TQM. Through the survey, questionnaire will be given. Structured questionnaires bring convenience for me when carrying out the percentage calculation.Another strategy that can be implemented is archival research which makes use of administrative records and documents as the principal source of data (Saunders et al., 2009). In this research, archival research can used to identify the companies in the past that have been successful in achieving e-procurement and TQM and changing effects that has led to their success.8.6 SamplingSampling techniques are used to define the orient population by keeping with the objectiv es of the study. Hence, sampling methods are techniques for collecting sub-volumes from larger volume of target population (Groves et al., 2010). Sample selection will be done on a random basis to avoid selection bias. In this research, the sampling method that will be use is stratified random sampling. Stratified random sampling is a modification of random sampling in which you divide the population into two or more relevant strata based on one or a number of attributes (Saunders et al., 2009, p. 228). I will divide all companies in Malaysia into 4 groups which are companies that implement e-procurement, companies that implement TQM, companies that implement both e-procurement and TQM as well as companies that do not implement both e-procurement and TQM. In this case, companies will be selected using random sampling. Besides that, 50 questionnaires will be distributed randomly to every company.8.7 Time HorizonIn terms of time horizon, my research will be considered as cross-section al study. Cross-sectional study refers to data gathered only once over a period of time. Since this research must complete within 1 month, I am not be able to analyze the development of e-procurement in future. Therefore, my research will more focus on the e-procurement of e-procurement nowadays and explain the relationship between every variable. Besides that, this research typically deals with historical data, hence the necessity to get results frequently is relatively low as the industry conditions will not change rapidly.8.8 Possible ResultFor the hypothesis of this research to be true, it must be supported by the fact that adoption of e-procurement in TQM can provide further competitive advantage. Besides that, the results of the survey as well as archival research should show that the companies that implement neither e-procurement nor TQM can achieve competitive advantage.However, if the result of this research shows that the adoption of e-procurement in TQM does not achieve competitive advantage then the hypothesis of the research will be proven false.9.0 ConclusionBased on reading of literature, I can suggest that hypothesis of this research paper is accepted. It clearly shows that e-procurement and TQM on business can achieve and sustaining competitive advantage in business world nowadays. The development of e-procurement does give a huge impact on business management will continuing technological revolution provides a number of challenges for firms today. An efficient e-procurement should implement competitive strategies to achieve competitive advantage as well as enhance market position in market. Besides that, a further competitive advantage can be gained by implementing e-procurement in TQM. Hence, it can be concluded that adoption of both e-procurement and TQM can bring organization to achieve further competitive advantage. However, in practice, TQM benefits are not unprovoked to achieve. Many organizations and companies have difficulties in im plementing TQM due to lack of consistent senior management commitment, superficial knowledge of implementers of TQM as well as lack of strategic plan for change. In other words, TQM can have a dramatic impact on an organization.(4258 words)10.0 ReferencesAberdeen Group. (2001). Best Practices in e-Procurement The Abridged Report. Aberdeen Group, Boston, MA. Cited in Angeles, R. and Nath, R. (2007). Business-to-business e-procurement success factors and challenges to implementation. yield twine Management An International Journal. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 104-115.Aboelmaged, M.G. (2009). Predicting e-procurement adoption in a developing country. Industrial Management and Data Systems. Vol. 110, No. 3, pp. 392-414.Angeles, R. and Nath, R. (2007). Business-to-business e-procurement success factors and challenges to implementation. Supply Chain Management An International Journal. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 104-115.Bartezzaghi, E. and Ronchi, S. (2005). E-sourcing in a buyer-operator-seller persp ective benefits and criticalities. Production Planning and Control. Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 405-412. Cited in Harrigan, P.O., Boyd, M.M., Ramsey, E. and Ibbotson, P. (2008). The development of e-procurement within the ICT manufacturing industry in Ireland. Management Decision. Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 481-500.Bergman, B. and Klefsj, B. (2003). Quality from Customer Needs to Customer Satisfaction. (2nd edn). Studentlitteratur, Lund. Cited in Bergquist, B., Fredriksson, M. and Svensson, M. (2005). TQM terrific quality marvel or tragic quality malpractice?. The TQM Magazine. Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 309-321.Bergquist, B., Fredriksson, M. and Svensson, M. (2005). TQM terrific quality marvel or tragic quality malpractice?. The TQM Magazine. Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 309-321.Beskese, A. and Cebeci, U. (2001). Total quality management and ISO 9000 applications in Turkey. The TQM Magazine. Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 69-73.Bloomberg, D., S. LeMay and J. Hanna. (2002). Logistics. Prentice Hall. Cited in Pires, G.D. and Stanton, J. (2005). A research mannikin for the electronic procurement adoption process Drawing from Australian evidence. Journal of Global Business and Technology. Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 12-20.Bof, F. and Previtali, P. (2007). Organisational Pre-Conditions for e-Procurement in Governments the Italian Experience in earthly concern Health Care Sector. The Electronic Journal of e-Government. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-10.Brah, S.A., Tee, S.S.L. and Rao, B.M. (2002). Relationship between TQM and performance of Singapore companies. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management. Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 356-379.Choudhury, V., Hartzel, K. and Kosynski, B. (1998). Uses and consequences of electronic markets an empirical investigation in the aircraft

Anorexia And What Causes It :: essays research papers

          What causes Anorexia Nervosa?     Eating disorders are non new. Anorexia Nervosa was first formally diagnosed in 1874, and the symptoms have been observed as far back as 300 years ago.(Walsh and Devlin 1) Although the condition has been known for centuries, it seems to be center stage now during the last decade or so.     What is bunghole Anorexia? Is it inherited? Is Anorexia caused by some type of mental illness, or maybe environmental pressures? Does culture play a role in whether or not someone suffers from Anorexia? These questions are not easily answered,as we know if we have had any family members or close friends who have suffered from Anorexia. Its not as easily diagnosed as the measles or chickenpox, where the doctor knows exactly what the cause is. We will discover that there is no one clearcut cause for Anorexia.According to Womens Health Weekly one look into study collected blo od from 200 families where at least two of the siblings were suffering from Anorexia, several of the test results suggest a possible link among Anorexia and a shared suseptability gene found in many of the siblings (10) . We must keep in mind that although this research is promising it is still as of unless incomplete data, which in essence makes it a theory. This by no means suggests that there is not a biological link, but that more research inescapably to be done.There have also been a connecter made between Anorexia and mental illness. Indeed recent research has discovered a substantive link between Anorexia and several psychiatric disturbances such as depression, agoraphobia, and social phobics to mention a few. The most promising connection is that many Anorexics are responding to a wide variety of psychiatric medication(Nagel and Jones 2). Although the numbers are not in yet, the fact that many of these people are responding to medication suggests a solid connection betw een mind and body. If we look at just a couple of behaviors many Anorexics display it does very much mimic that of a psychiatric disturbance. or so Anorexics are overly preoccupied with meal preparation and feeding everyone except themselves. Does this sound somewhat compulsive? Depression also seems to be a green trait among Anorexics, although the mere fact that these people are literally starving themselves can itself induce depression. One study found that 93% of their "persistant"Anorexic subjects suffered from depression. interestingly 37% of their "recovered" Anorexics still presented with depression.

Entropy, Pollution and Global Warming Essay -- Greenhouse Gases Climat

Entropy, Pollution and Global WarmingThe substances that we as human beings classify as pollutants have everlastingly been present on the planet, because the earth is a closed system. The reason that these materials cause a negative impact on the environment, therefore, is not that they exist, but that they have been dispersed throughout the worlds ecosystems in a very disordered fashion. To illustrate this, two pollutants of major concern will be considered, carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). CO2 and SO2 ar both given off when coal is burned to provide heat or to generate electricity. CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas add to global warming, and SO2 is the main cause of acid rain. Carbon and sulphur have no impact on the environment when they are locked up in ...

Essay --

More tragic play The tragedy of Hamlet Prince of Denmark is the most touristy works of William Shakespeare. Probably the popularity of this play lies in the use of character of Hamlet in exemplifying the human mind through its complex workings. Hamlets internal dilemma of making the decision whether he should revenge the death of his father or not was a crucial turn in his feel as the subject of mind was the main reason which effected the decision power one defecates in his life. His uncle Claudius was the one who murdered his father and the moment when the stalk of Hamlets father appears and asks Hamlet as to when the revenge of his foul and most unnatural murder is to take place. From this point onward Hamlet is to a lower place a constant dilemma. He does not find himself ready to take the revenge. If Hamlet had killed Claudius at the first opportunity than the revenge would have been taken precisely his internal dilemma would have never been solved. This play became very popular and the reason for the popularity was Shakespeares use of the character Hamlet and through this character he has tried to exemplify the complex workings of humans mind. Shakespeare used emotion, reason and attitude of Hamlet to allow the readers to form an opinion or make a judgment about the basic aspects of the life of human beings. The reason the prince could not take the revenge of his fathers death was that he was a man of great moral integrity and to take revenge was an act which was against his deepest principals. Some of the other behaviors of the prince was that after the death of his father Hamlet became so disenchanted with his life that he lost all his desire and will to take any kind of revenge. Due to the delay in revenge Shakespeare was able to sire th... ...a proper burial for her brother and in Oedipus the King son has killed his father and married his mother while Glass Menagerie is the only play which is adult us the picture of real life and this the r eason that I have chosen this play as my favorite. This play is more tragic of the above plays as it is a tragedy emerging from real life. The condition of the apartment shown in the play is very much common in the country. In poor countries even worse apartments are found. In the play all the characters are going through a frustration and no one is happy from his present state of mind. The wife is lonely as her husband has left the home. The son and girlfriend are not satisfied as the son is planning to escape and the daughter is playing the records over and over again to show her frustration. This play is a true tragedy found in the richest country of the world.